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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of alcoholism ： ウィキペディア英語版 Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of alcoholism Alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by trouble controlling the consumption of alcohol, dependence (needing to consume more to achieve the same effects), and withdrawal upon rapid cessation of drinking.〔Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, December). Alcoholism. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholism/basics/definition/con-20020866〕 According to ARDI reports approximately 88,000 people had alcohol-related deaths in the United States between the years of 2006 and 2010.〔Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol Related Disease Impact (ARDI). Available athttp://nccd.cdc.gov/DPH_ARDI/Default.aspx.〕 Furthermore, chronic alcohol use is consistently the third leading cause of death in the United States.〔Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, November). Alcohol and Public Health: Data, Trends, and Maps. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/data-stats.htm〕 In consequence, research has sought to determine the factors responsible for the development and persistence of alcoholism. From this research, several molecular and epigenetic mechanisms have been discovered. ==Background == Alcoholism is characterized by a wide range of symptoms including compulsive alcohol seeking and consumption, tolerance (resistance to the effects of alcohol after repeated consumption), and withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, profuse sweating, and uncontrollable shaking upon rapid cessation of drinking.〔Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, December). Alcoholism: Symptoms. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholism/basics/symptoms/con-20020866〕 There is not a specific test for diagnosing alcoholism; however, patient questionnaires and medical screenings for ailments typically associated with alcoholism, such as cirrhosis, heart problems, and pancreatitis, are often used as diagnostic tools.〔Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, December). Alcoholism: Tests and Diagnosis. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholism/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20020866〕〔Kahan M (April 1996). "Identifying and managing problem drinkers". Can Fam Physician 42, 661–71〕 Several factors influence the development of alcoholism including genetic predisposition and environmental stressors such as grief, stress, depression, and anxiety.〔Gifford, M. (2010). Alcohol Use and Abuse. In Alcoholism (p. 14). Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press/ABC-CLIO.〕 In coordination with these factors, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms influence the progression toward alcoholism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of alcoholism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.